A Genetic Algorithm with Location Intelligence Method for Energy Optimization in 5G Wireless Networks

The exponential growth in data traffic due to the modernization of smart devices has resulted in the need for a high-capacity wireless network in the future. To successfully deploy 5G network, it must be capable of handling the growth in the data traffic. The increasing amount of traffic volume puts excessive stress on the important factors of the resource allocation methods such as scalability and throughput. In this paper, we define a network planning as an optimization problem with the decision variables such as transmission power and transmitter (BS) location in 5G networks. The decision variables lent themselves to interesting implementation using several heuristic approaches, such as differential evolution (DE) algorithm and Real-coded Genetic Algorithm (RGA). The key contribution of this paper is that we modified RGA-based method to find the optimal configuration of BSs not only by just offering an optimal coverage of underutilized BSs but also by optimizing the amounts of power consumption. A comparison is also carried out to evaluate the performance of the conventional approach of DE and standard RGA with our modified RGA approach. The experimental results showed that our modified RGA can find the optimal configuration of 5G/LTE network planning problems, which is better performed than DE and standard RGA

Evolutionary Approaches to Minimizing Network Coding Resources

We wish to minimize the resources used for network coding while achieving the desired throughput in a multicast scenario. We employ evolutionary approaches, based on a genetic algorithm, that avoid the computational complexity that makes the problem NP-hard. Our experiments show great improvements over the sub-optimal solutions of prior methods. Our new algorithms improve over our previously proposed algorithm in three ways. First, whereas the previous algorithm can be applied only to acyclic networks, our new method works also with networks with cycles. Second, we enrich the set of components used in the genetic algorithm, which improves the performance. Third, we develop a novel distributed framework. Combining distributed random network coding with our distributed optimization yields a network coding protocol where the resources used for coding are optimized in the setup phase by running our evolutionary algorithm at each node of the network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by carrying out simulations on a number of different sets of network topologies.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted to the 26th Annual IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007

Trim Loss Optimization by an Improved Differential Evolution

The "trim loss problem" (TLP) is one of the most challenging problems in context of optimization research. It aims at determining the optimal cutting pattern of a number of items of various lengths from a stock of standard size material to meet the customers' demands that the wastage due to trim loss is minimized. The resulting mathematical model is highly nonconvex in nature accompanied with several constraints with added restrictions of binary variables. This prevents the application of conventional optimization methods. In this paper we use synergetic differential evolution (SDE) for the solution of this type of problems. Four hypothetical but relevant cases of trim loss problem arising in paper industry are taken for the experiment. The experimental results compared with those of the other techniques show the competence of the SDE to solve the problem

Trim Loss Optimization by an Improved Differential Evolution

The “trim loss problem” (TLP) is one of the most challenging problems in context of optimization research. It aims at determining the optimal cutting pattern of a number of items of various lengths from a stock of standard size material to meet the customers’ demands that the wastage due to trim loss is minimized. The resulting mathematical model is highly nonconvex in nature accompanied with several constraints with added restrictions of binary variables. This prevents the application of conventional optimization methods. In this paper we use synergetic differential evolution (SDE) for the solution of this type of problems. Four hypothetical but relevant cases of trim loss problem arising in paper industry are taken for the experiment. The experimental results compared with those of the other techniques show the competence of the SDE to solve the problem

Incipient piezoelectrics and electrostriction behavior in Sn-doped Bi-1/2( Na0.82K0.18)(1/2) TiO3 lead-free ceramics

Dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and strain properties of lead-free Sn-doped Bi-1/2(Na0.82K0.18)(1/2)TiO3 (BNKT) were investigated. A crossover from a nonergodic relaxor to an ergodic relaxor state at room temperature, accompanied by a giant electric-field-induced strain, was observed at 5 at. % Sn doping. Switching dynamics monitored during a bipolar poling cycle manifested that the observed giant strain originates from incipient piezoelectricity. When Sn doping level reached 8 at. %, BNKT exhibited an electrostrictive behavior with a highly temperature-insensitive electrostrictive coefficient of Q(11) = 0.023 m(4)open3

Microporation is a valuable transfection method for efficient gene delivery into human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive source of adult stem cells for therapeutic application in clinical study. Genetic modification of MSCs with beneficial genes makes them more effective for therapeutic use. However, it is difficult to transduce genes into MSCs by common transfection methods, especially nonviral methods. In this study, we applied microporation technology as a novel electroporation technique to introduce enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and brain-derived neurotropfic factor (BDNF) plasmid DNA into human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) with significant efficiency, and investigated the stem cell potentiality of engineered MSCs through their phenotypes, proliferative capacity, ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, and migration ability towards malignant glioma cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using microporation with EGFP as a reporter gene, hUCB-MSCs were transfected with higher efficiency (83%) and only minimal cell damage than when conventional liposome-based reagent (<20%) or established electroporation methods were used (30-40%). More importantly, microporation did not affect the immunophenotype of hUCB-MSCs, their proliferation activity, ability to differentiate into mesodermal and ectodermal lineages, or migration ability towards cancer cells. In addition, the BDNF gene could be successfully transfected into hUCB-MSCs, and BDNF expression remained fairly constant for the first 2 weeks <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>. Moreover, microporation of BDNF gene into hUCB-MSCs promoted their <it>in vitro </it>differentiation into neural cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Taken together, the present data demonstrates the value of microporation as an efficient means of transfection of MSCs without changing their multiple properties. Gene delivery by microporation may enhance the feasibility of transgenic stem cell therapy.</p

Primary Malignant Rhabdoid Melanoma

Melanoma with rhabdoid features is an uncommon variant of malignant melanoma. Here, we describe a rare case of primary rhabdoid malignant melanoma. A 54-year-old man presented with a black tumor measuring 3×4 cm on the right forearm. Histologic sections showed a tumor mass with rhabdoid features composed entirely of polygonal neoplastic cells with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and large hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. The tumor cells were immunoreactive with HMB-45, S100, Fontana-Masson silver and vimentin, and negative for smooth muscle actin, CD68, CD34, CD99, synaptophysin, desmin, and PAS. The differential diagnosis for this tumor included malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was treated with a wide excision and a local skin graft. The excised tumor was entirely composed of rhabdoid tumor cells. No recurrence or metastasis was evident 4 months after removal. This article is relevant to rare cases of primary malignant melanomas showing rhabdoid tumor cells over the entire excised lesion